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MANICHAEAN TEXTS & WRITINGS
MANICHAEAN CANON & LITERATURE
Only Fragments Remain
The 8 sacred texts personally authored by Mani,
and claimed by Him in the Kephalaia, are: Great
Gospel;
Treasure
of the Life; The Treatise; The One of the Mysteries; The Writing; Epistles;
Psalms; and Prayers.
The
Kephalaia is the most complete text that has survived.
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Great Gospel, probably
The
Living Gospel ("His Great Gospel, the good tidings of all them that
are of the Light. - Mani
Bema Psalm) The Living Gospel was written and illustrated
in a Turkmenistan cave containing a spring, near Bukhara, Uzbekistan where
Mani lived for a year (c244
A.D.) paintings its walls, writing
his Living Gospel and illustrating his
Ardahang. This 22 chapter
book dealt with the story of Yeshu (Jesus). Fragments were found at Medinet
Madi.
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Treasure of the Life
(Book
of Vivification) fate of Catechumens and a detailed account of the myth
of man("His water-pot is the Thesaurus, the treasure of life. In it there
is hot water: there is some cold water also mixed with it.
- Mani Bema Psalm) There was also a summary called the "Little
Treasury"."The Treasure of Life dealt with, among other subjects, the
condition of the dwellers in the Realm of Light, the so-called "Seduction
of the Archons." This work consisted of seven books and dealt with anthropology,
psychology and a detailed interpretation of man as microcosm."
-
The Treatise, The
Pragmateia; ("His soft sponge that wipes away bruises is the Pragmateia.
- Mani Bema Psalm) This was the Rule-Book of the Manichaean
Community. This book is said to have contained the "commandments"
and rules for entering into religion, precepts for the "Elect" governing
clothing, diet, fasts, rituals, the liturgy of hymns and psalms to be sung
at home and in the churches. "
-
The One of the Mysteries, or Book
of Mysteries ("His knife for cutting is the Book of the Mysteries.
- Mani Bema Psalm) "The Book of Mysteries in eighteen
chapters was written to refute the false doctrines of the established sects
and creeds in the world, including the sect of Bardesain or Bardesan. The
book evidently dealt with the esoteric life of Jesus. The nature of Soul
and Body was defined, and this work clearly taught reincarnation. A portion
of the book was in the form of a dialogue between Jesus and his apostles."
-
The Writing, or (The
Book of Giants;("His excellent swabs are the Book of the Giants.
- Mani Bema Psalm)?)
-
Book of Giants -
(Summary of a lecture by J. R. Davila on 1 March 2002)
-
76 Epistles
("The
[...] of every cure is the Book of Letters.
- Mani Bema Psalm)
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Psalms
("hot, the two psalms, the lamentations"
- Manichaean Bema Psalm)
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Prayers ("cool
also, his Prayers and all his Logia."
- Manichaean Bema Psalm)
MANICHAEAN SUB CANON TEXTS
In
addition, other texts by Mani or his immediate disciples are known:
-
Shahburagan,
a summary of the teachings which Mani wrote for the King Shapur I. (This
book is often listed in the place usually occupied by the Book of Giants
by some ancient authors) "Shapurakan", I.e. "Princely", because it was
dedicated to Peroz, the brother of Sapor I (written in Syrian). It was
a kind of Manichæan eschatology, dealing in three chapters with the
dissolution of Hearers, Elect, and Sinners. It was written about A.D. 242.
-
Ardahang,
a picture-book illustrating Mani's Living Gospel, (perhaps preserved partially
in the Diwan Abathur)
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Ardahang Wifras a
commentary on the Ardahang
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Cologne Mani
Codex (with quotes of Mani)
found in Egypt.
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The Kephalaia 85,
which is in the format of teacher to student questions answered by Mani;
found at Medinet Madi
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The Kephalaia 86,
which is in the format of teacher to student questions answered by Mani;
found at Medinet Madi
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Manichaean Homilies found at Medinet Madi,
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Acts found at Medinet Madi,
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Synaxeis found at Medinet
Madi.
None of these texts have so far surfaced in the
entirity, although many fragments remain, especially of the Kephalaia.
CHINESE MANICHAEAN TEXTS
From the secret DunHuang
Library Cave 17 we also have:
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Diamond Sutra from
Dunhunag Library
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Trees of Good & EvilAccording
to Manichaean CMT from Dun-Huang
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There are three recovered texts in Chinese. All
were found at Tun-huang and were hidden before the end of the 9th century.
They are the Traite, the Hymnscroll, and the Compendium.
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Traite (Ts'an
Cing) - Chinese version of the Sermon on
the Light-Mind
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Hymnscroll - Chinese version of daily Gnostic
prayers
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Compendium - short
Chinese overview of Mani's teachings
-
Conversion of the Barbarians (Hua
Hu Ching)
Some sutras, sometimes considered Nestorian in
nature, were discovered in the first part of the 20th century. They may
originate in the same Dunhuang Cave
as the former works. These are the JiangJio
Manuscripts, or Jesus Sutras from China:
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Scrolls of Yeshu from
Dunhuang
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The Sutra of the Teachings of the World-Honored
One, Third Part
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The Second Sutra: The Sutra of Cause, Effect,
and Salvation
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The Third Sutra: The Sutra of Origins
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The Fourth Sutra: The Sutra of Jesus Christ
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First Liturgical Sutra - Taking Refuge in the
Trinity
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Second Liturgical Sutra - Let Us Praise
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Third Liturgical Sutra of Returning To Your Original
Nature
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Fourth Liturgical Sutra - The Supreme
OTHER MANICHAEAN TEXTS
We know that the Manichaeans thought highly
of the Gospel of Thomas and have some relation to the Pistis Sophia:
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