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 Jingjiao Manuscripts (Jesus Sutras)
Chinese Jingjiao Manuscripts Discovered in the First Part of the 20th Century

In 8 Chinese jingjiao manuscripts, discovered in the first part of the 20th century, there are preserved for us certain words and teachings of Yeshu (Jesus) and others that sound very Buddhist and Taoist like. These are of great interest to all true students of original Christianity and Syro-Oriental Christianity (Nestorianism and Manichaeism) in Tang China.

"As Dunhuang manuscripts, [these documents] have attracted the interest of dunhuangologists first and foremost, as is obvious; but since their  content is jingjiao, they have naturally aroused the interest of scholars of Christianity; finally, since jingjiao is a foreign religion  in Tang China, historians see these documents-in a perspective of cultural history-as precious material for the study of the cultural exchange between China and the West in ancient times" (p. 122, New Reflections on Nestorianism in the Tang Dynasty, by Lin Wushu ).
The Chinese jingjiao manuscripts, associated with the hidden Dunhuang library, are:
 
  • "Nestorian Hymn in Adoration of the Transfiguration of Our Lord," (Kojima manuscripts)
  • "Da Qin Luminous Religion Sutra on the Origin of Origins." (Kojima manuscripts)
  • "Discourse on One God"  ("Tomioka document") [Palmer's The Sutra of Cause, Effect and Salvation?]
  • "Book of Jesus Messiah" (Takakusu document) [Palmer's 4th Sutra of Jesus Christ]
  • "Hymn to the Three Majesties of the Luminous Religion for Obtaining Salvation","Book of the Venerables", and note  (manuscript P. 3847) [Called 4th Liturgical Sutra by Palmer, or The Christian Liturgy in Praise of the 3 Sacred Powers] [Called 2nd Liturgical Sutra by Palmer, or Invocation of the Dharma Kings and Sacred Sutras?]
  • "Book on Mysterious Rest and Joy" (Li Shengduo)
  • "Book of Da Qin Luminous Religion on the Origin" (Li Shengduo)

Four of these Chinese jingjiao manuscripts have had suspicions of forgery attached to them by Lin Wushu. He remarks that:

"the Kojima manuscripts are more likely than not forgeries executed by a knowledgeable antiques dealer after Li Shengduo's death' (p. 173, New Reflections on Nestorianism in the Tang Dynasty, by Lin Wushu ).
The Kojima manuscripts he refers to are: "Nestorian Hymn in Adoration of the Transfiguration of Our Lord," and "Da Qin Luminous Religion Sutra on the Origin of Origins."

The other two books he suspects of only partial forgery - forgery as a historical document but not in regard to content. These two are called the "Tomioka document", composed of the "Discourse on One God"; and the "Takakusu document", or "Book of Jesus Messiah". Professor Lin argues that  these manuscripts can not be proven to have come from Dunhuang. He is of the opinion that the excellent state of the manuscripts themselves is suspicious and thinks they may be skillful but accurate transcriptions made in the 20th century of more ancient Dunhuang documents no longer available to him. Further research may confirm or refutes these conclusions of Lin Wushu. The three remaining documents are:

  • (1) manuscript P. 3847, conserved today at the Bibliotheque Nationale de France in Paris, which consists of three parts: Jingjiao sanwei mengdu zan ("Hymn to the Three Majesties of the Luminous Religion for Obtaining Salvation"), Zun jing ("Book of the Venerables"), and a closing note;
  • (2) manuscript Zhixuan anle jing ("Book on Mysterious Rest and Joy"), which formerly belonged to Li Shengduo and is now kept in a private collection in Japan;

  • (3) the fragment Da Qin jingjiao xuan yuanben jing ("Book of Da Qin Luminous Religion on the Origin"), which also formerly belonged to Li Shengduo and is now kept by a Japanese collector.


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